What Does The Cambrian Explosion Tell Us About Evolution

The rapid diversification of most major living phyla in the fossil record known as ‘The Cambrian Explosion’ presents a challenge – even to those with limited understanding of evolution. With the acknowledgement of this ‘explosion’ comes the issue of how it occurred. The problem arises because this sudden burst of change is inconsistent with the typical thought of evolution resulting from gradual change over time – otherwise known as uniformitarian theory (Erwin, 2011). This inconsistency begs the question: What does the Cambrian explosion tell us about evolution? Are we simply missing information, and the process is indeed gradual – or did something unusual and fairly rapid happen in Cambrian? Knowledge of relationships between animals may allow us to deduce the answer: the two main branches of the animal tree are protostomes and deuterostomes, while the trunk of the tree includes sponges and cnidarians. The first appearance of these protostome and deuterostome groups is arguably in the Cambrian period – while arguments have been made for an earlier bilaterian, for instance the 555 million year old Kimberella, they are not persuasive – for reasons discussed later in this essay. We can assert that whatever was shared by two or more groups was likely to have been present in their last common ancestor. In this case, all members have bilateral organization in their life stages. Thus, the theory of the common ancestor of bilaterians – Urbilateria – arose (De Robertis Sasai,Show MoreRelatedThe Between Greek And Egyptian Civilizations1596 Words   |  7 Pagesseem as though an eternity has passed between now and 1945 for the centenarian, but even th e oldest amongst us would see the time between the foundation of the greek and egyptian civilizations as having a length much less than the 2500 years that separate the two. Two varieties of ancient hominids may seem to be virtually contemporaries, when they are in actuality over a million years of evolution removed from one another. Humans have many methods to describe large numbers mathematically. Ever sinceRead MoreThe Origin Of Life : Intelligent Design Vs. Materialistic Naturalism2359 Words   |  10 Pageshow did life begin? Is the universe the result of chaotic chance or intelligent design? How did life on earth come to be? These are some of the many questions scientist work hard to solve, but what does their research tell them? Let’s start with the well-recognized theory of evolution. Evolution, a theory made famous by Charles Darwin; is the process in which an organism changes over time via adaptation, mutation and gene isolation. According to an article by evolutionary biologist RichardRead MoreA Look at Prominent Worldviews1349 Words   |  6 Pages James W. Sire claimed that world view is â€Å"†¦a set of presuppositions†¦ which we hold†¦ about the makeup of our world.† As of me, my definition does not deviate much. World view is the way, either supported or unsupported, how I see what I see. It’s like glasses where I see everything through the filter of glasses. Supposedly, world view can affect one very much. The fact that Muslims goes to Mecca or Christians going to church every week or the mere choice between chocolate bar and ice cream are allRead MoreThe Big Bang Theory Of God s Word3237 Words   |  13 PagesAs we all grow up we tend to believe what we want to believe in. If God gave us a brain to think, would going ag ainst the Bible be wrong? We have all heard the complicated question, did God make the earth in six days or did evolution play a major part in the making of earth. Many people in the older days would be judge or even killed to even think this, but as science with factual evidence develope, we are start to fit all the missing pieces together. Although is factual evidence enough to flashRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 Pages2005 in the UK, selling over 300,000 copies.[1] instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from the Big Bang to the discovery of quantum mechanics, via evolution and geology. Bryson tells the story of science through the stories of the people who made the discoveries, such as Edwin Hubble, Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein. Background Bill Bryson wrote this book because he was dissatisfied with his scientific knowledgeRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 Pagesin the UK, selling over 300,000 copies.[1] instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from the Big Bang to the discovery of quantum mechanics, via evolution and geology. Bryson tells the story of science through the stories of the people who made the discoveries, such as Edwin Hubble, Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein. Background Bill Bryson wrote this book because he was dissatisfied with his scientific knowledgeRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay2859 Words   |  12 PagesThe theory of evolution, as set forth by Charles Darwin in 1859, stated that all plant and animal life evolved over long periods of time from simple to more complicated forms through mutation and adaptation. He also taught that only the fittest of each species would survive. He further postulated that the first living cell evolved in a warm warm little pond and that it took billions of years for the present diversity of living things to evolve. At the time, it was thought that the few missingRead More Biblical Creationism versus Scientific Origin Essay example8399 Words   |  34 Pagesorigins. There are two reasons for this: firstly, there are those with a literal or semi-literal interpretation of the Bible (or other relevant holy book) who remain convinced that the world was created in the recent past looking more or less as it does today. Obviously, this issue must be resolved before the existence or nature of the deity can even begin to be discussed! Secondly, even those with the more common, nonliteral interpretation of the creation story often use arguments that arent valid

Criminal Law, Questions and Answers - 1284 Words

1 Introduction Restorative justice as a whole is not gaining support in South Africa as the majority of our country is in favour of the punitive system in order to combat the high levels of crime. However, there are several areas of criminal law that has received increasing support for restorative justice as opposed to our current system, such as when dealing with youth offenders. Despite the harsh criticism of restorative justice, it has received judicial recognition in a number of cases recently. 2 Punishment Punishment is one of the most important features of the criminal process. Regardless of which punishment theory is being used, one must always consider the following triad: 1. the seriousness of the crime, 2. the interests of society, and 3. the accused’s personal circumstances. It is also crucial to take the outrage of the public into account. Punishments should not only deter the individual from re-offending but should also deter like-minded people from committing the same offence. Sentences should always be humane and balanced. It is always imperative that the degree of punishment is in proportion to the crime that has been committed. 3 Absolute Theory The concept of the absolute theory is that the offender has a debt that (s)he has to pay towards society and punishment settles that debt. By being punished, the two scales of justice are balanced once again. According to this theory, punishment should express the community’s disapproval and revulsion of theShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Your Career Choice?1643 Words   |  7 Pages#1 - Question: What is your career choice? #1 - Answer: My set goal for the future is to become a District Attorney. Although, I am certainly considering working as a judge later on in my career. #2 - Question: Why have you chosen this particular area? #2 - Answer: I chose this career because it is my passion. I want to help people that cannot help themselves. I want to speak for the voiceless and do everything in my power to bring justice to victims and their loved ones. My personal life andRead MoreTheories Of Law And Justice761 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of law and justice answers the questions on how/ why in society a person behavior could be seen or handle as a criminal (Akers Sellers, 2009). Also the theory helps explain why a certain behavior is consider illegal and what punishment needs to be taken for that behavior/conduct. To answer these questions, the theory looks at the variables which are social, economic, and economic which has it affects on law and justice (Akers Sellers, 2009). For theories of crime and criminal behavior itRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages31: Constitutional, Contract, Criminal, Evidence, Property and Tort Law 32: List and explain Nash’s, Drucker’s, Buffet’s, Blanchards and Peale’s comprehensive approach for resolving ethical dilemma Drucker: â€Å"Above all do no harm.† Intentionally making decisions that will not do harm will encourage ethical decision-making. Buffet: front-page-of-the-paper test, it supports critical thinking to envision how the decision may look on the front page of a paper before making the final decision. Read MoreCase Analysis : Liberty University Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 5, 2016 Liberty University Abstract: When a law enforcement officer or other public employee is accused of potentially criminal conduct, they may face three different kinds of interviews or interrogations. 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Canadian Journal Of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 28(1), 27-35. The main purpose of this article was to investigate the effects of the death penalty and the justification for the punishment. A key question the authors looked to answer was whether or not the participants

Options and Opportunities in Indigenizing Curricula

Question: Discuss about the Options and Opportunities in Indigenizing Curricula. Answer: Introduction The famous Canadian writer Joseph Boyden is known for his to defend the aboriginal Canadian Identity in his works. In Turtle Island also the indigenous identity of the narrator is mentioned. In this story, the characteristic transformation of the eleven years old narrator has been revealed amidst the harsh reality of the gangs. It is the story of an eleven years old narrator, caught between the harsh world of the urban gangsters and the childlike affection for its brothers turtle pet, named Island. The narrator is insisted on going back to the rez, a reserved place for North American Indian where probably his mother stays. The narrator seems to come from a troublesome childhood where his mother is possibly a drug-addict, and there is no mention of his father. The whole story evidences the young boys arrogant nature and abusive language, used for everyone along with his deep hatred for the stingy turtle. In this essay, the characteristic transformation of this little narrator has been critically described to indicate his changing attitude to the turtle even amidst the harsh circumstances. Discussion The narrator works as a white powder' supplier for a gangster whom he addressed as Wolf. Among the troublesome situation when the cops are in search of providers of drugs along with the users, this boy is supposed to deliver the cigarette packet full of the powder to some Indians'. The mention of the term Indian' seems to be restricted to the legal sector in Canada, and its usage in other places is considered to be offensive (Arias, Rachel, et al.). At the time of placing the packet into his pocket, the boy is reminded of the existence of the turtle in his pocket which becomes as cold as ice. The boy begins to repent for the possible death of the poor turtle that has not done any wrong to him. He even begins to feel guilty for its death and also fears to face his brother, Francis who is the owner of this pet. The conscience of the narrator becomes so awakened that he starts to give the turtle warmth with both his hands in this pocket and try to feel the sensation of life by touching its little cold feet. The indigenous people are supposed to possess their cultural beliefs along with having a strong bond with their surrounding natural resources and environment (Ariss, Rachel, et al.). In Turtle Island, when the narrator gets stuck among a challenging situation when the cops brutally beat the Indians', the narrator chooses to save the life of the pet turtle. To protect himself, the narrator attempts to throw the cigarette packet away but takes the turtle out of his pocket instead. He discovers the beauty of the turtle which reflects ringed yellow, red, green and black rays in the sunlight. The process of characteristic transformation seems to be evidenced in the narrator from this moment. The narrator, a self-centered boy who used to find the turtle to be a nasty and stingy piece of waste, now starts to bring back the life into this little turtle, ignoring his harsh consequences shortly (Theglobeandmail.com). When the boy feels the presence of the cops behind him and discovers the ray of life in the turtle, he does not hesitate for a second to come out his hoodie, disclosing his identity to the cops. By pointing the turtle up, the boy expects help from the cops for saving the life of the turtle, forgetting about the existence of the packet in his pocket as now he regards the saving of the turtle's life more than saving his life. He deliberately chooses the life of a saviour, instead of saving his life like a coward. The indigenous nature of the narrator is clearly reflected in this transformation which seems to be his real self. Conclusion In this way, the transformational journey of the eleven years old boy from its selfish nature to the overwhelming exposure of humanity has been elaborated in Joseph Boydens story. At the beginning of the story, he claims himself to be a robust gangster who can take care of himself alone unlike his brother; but at the end of the story, he deliberately chooses to save the life of the turtle instead of saving his life. Through this process of characteristic evolution, he seems to regain his childlike innocence that he lacks due to his imperfect childhood. Reference list Ariss, Rachel, et al. "UOITs Role in Reconciliation: Options and Opportunities in Indigenizing Curricula." (2016) Theglobeandmail.com. "Stories For Summer: Turtle Island, By Joseph Boyden". The Globe And Mail, 2017, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/stories-for-summer-turtle-island-by-joseph-boyden/article4259378/